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🦊 CloudFox 🦊

CloudFox helps you gain situational awareness in unfamiliar cloud environments. It’s an open source command line tool created to help penetration testers and other offensive security professionals find exploitable attack paths in cloud infrastructure.

CloudFox helps you answer the following common questions (and many more):

  • What regions is this AWS account using and roughly how many resources are in the account?
  • What secrets are lurking in EC2 userdata or service specific environment variables?
  • What workloads have administrative permissions attached?
  • What actions/permissions does this [principal] have?
  • What role trusts are overly permissive or allow cross-account assumption?
  • What endpoints/hostnames/IPs can I attack from an external starting point (public internet)?
  • What endpoints/hostnames/IPs can I attack from an internal starting point (assumed breach within the VPC)?
  • What filesystems can I potentially mount from a compromised resource inside the VPC?

Demos, Examples, Walkthroughs

Intentionally Vulnerable Playground

Want to chat about CloudFox?

Join us on the RedSec discord server

Quick Start

CloudFox is modular (you can run one command at a time), but there is an aws all-checks command that will run the other aws commands for you with sane defaults:

cloudfox aws --profile [profile-name] all-checks

White Box Enumeration

CloudFox was designed to be executed by a principal with limited read-only permissions, but it's purpose is to help you find attack paths that can be exploited in simulated compromise scenarios (aka, objective based penetration testing).

Black Box Enumeration

CloudFox can be used with "found" credentials, similar to how you would use weirdAAL or enumerate-iam. Checks that fail, do so silently, so any data returned means your "found" creds have the access needed to retrieve it.

Documentation

For the full documentation please refer to our wiki.

Supported Cloud Providers

Provider CloudFox Commands
AWS 34
Azure 4
GCP 8
Kubernetes Support Planned

Install

Option 1: Download the latest binary release for your platform.

Option 2: If you use homebrew: brew install cloudfox

Option 3: Install Go, use go install github.com/BishopFox/cloudfox@latest to install from the remote source

Option 4: Developer mode:

Install Go, clone the CloudFox repository and compile from source

# git clone https://github.com/BishopFox/cloudfox.git
# cd ./cloudfox
# Make any changes necessary
# go build .
# ./cloudfox

Option 5: Testing a bug fix

git clone git@github.com:BishopFox/cloudfox.git
git checkout seth-dev 
go build .
./cloudfox [rest of the command options]

Prerequisites

AWS

  • AWS CLI installed
  • Supports AWS profiles, AWS environment variables, or metadata retrieval (on an ec2 instance)
    • To run commands on multiple profiles at once, you can specify the path to a file with a list of profile names separated by a new line using the -l flag or pass all stored profiles with the -a flag.
  • A principal with one recommended policies attached (described below)
  • Recommended attached policies: SecurityAudit + CloudFox custom policy

Additional policy notes (as of 09/2022):

Policy Notes
CloudFox custom policy Has a complete list of every permission cloudfox uses and nothing else
arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/SecurityAudit Covers most cloudfox checks but is missing newer services or permissions like apprunner:*, grafana:*, lambda:GetFunctionURL, lightsail:GetContainerServices
arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/job-function/ViewOnlyAccess Covers most cloudfox checks but is missing newer services or permissions like AppRunner:*, grafana:*, lambda:GetFunctionURL, lightsail:GetContainerServices - and is also missing iam:SimulatePrincipalPolicy.
arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/ReadOnlyAccess Only missing AppRunner, but also grants things like "s3:Get*" which can be overly permissive.
arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AdministratorAccess This will work just fine with CloudFox, but if you were handed this level of access as a penetration tester, that should probably be a finding in itself :)

Azure

  • Viewer or similar permissions applied.

AWS Commands

Provider Command Name Description
AWS all-checks Run all of the other commands using reasonable defaults. You'll still want to check out the non-default options of each command, but this is a great place to start.
AWS access-keys Lists active access keys for all users. Useful for cross referencing a key you found with which in-scope account it belongs to.
AWS api-gw Lists API gateway endpoints and gives you custom curl commands including API tokens if they are stored in metadata.
AWS buckets Lists the buckets in the account and gives you handy commands for inspecting them further.
AWS cape Enumerates cross-account privilege escalation paths. Requires pmapper to be run first
AWS cloudformation Lists the cloudformation stacks in the account. Generates loot file with stack details, stack parameters, and stack output - look for secrets.
AWS codebuild Enumerate CodeBuild projects
AWS databases Enumerate RDS databases. Get a loot file with connection strings.
AWS ecr List the most recently pushed image URI from all repositories. Use the loot file to pull selected images down with docker/nerdctl for inspection.
AWS ecs-tasks List all ecs tasks. This returns a list of ecs tasks and associated cluster, task definition, container instance, launch type, and associated IAM principal.
AWS eks List all EKS clusters, see if they expose their endpoint publicly, and check the associated IAM roles attached to reach cluster or node group. Generates a loot file with the aws eks udpate-kubeconfig command needed to connect to each cluster.
AWS elastic-network-interfaces List all eni information. This returns a list of eni ID, type, external IP, private IP, VPCID, attached instance and a description.
AWS endpoints Enumerates endpoints from various services. Scan these endpoints from both an internal and external position to look for things that don't require authentication, are misconfigured, etc.
AWS env-vars Grabs the environment variables from services that have them (App Runner, ECS, Lambda, Lightsail containers, Sagemaker are supported. If you find a sensitive secret, use cloudfox iam-simulator AND pmapper to see who has access to them.
AWS filesystems Enumerate the EFS and FSx filesystems that you might be able to mount without creds (if you have the right network access). For example, this is useful when you have ec:RunInstance but not iam:PassRole.
AWS iam-simulator Like pmapper, but uses the IAM policy simulator. It uses AWS's evaluation logic, but notably, it doesn't consider transitive access via privesc, which is why you should also always also use pmapper.
AWS instances Enumerates useful information for EC2 Instances in all regions like name, public/private IPs, and instance profiles. Generates loot files you can feed to nmap and other tools for service enumeration.
AWS inventory Gain a rough understanding of size of the account and preferred regions.
AWS lambda Lists the lambda functions in the account, including which one's have admin roles attached. Also gives you handy commands for downloading each function.
AWS network-ports Enumerates AWS services that are potentially exposing a network service. The security groups and the network ACLs are parsed for each resource to determine what ports are potentially exposed.
AWS orgs Enumerate accounts in an organization
AWS outbound-assumed-roles List the roles that have been assumed by principals in this account. This is an excellent way to find outbound attack paths that lead into other accounts.
AWS permissions Enumerates IAM permissions associated with all users and roles. Grep this output to figure out what permissions a particular principal has rather than logging into the AWS console and painstakingly expanding each policy attached to the principal you are investigating.
AWS pmapper Looks for pmapper data stored on the local filesystem, in the locations defined here. If pmapper data has been found (you already ran pmapper graph create), then this command will use this data to build a graph in cloudfox memory let you know who can privesc to admin.
AWS principals Enumerates IAM users and Roles so you have the data at your fingertips.
AWS ram List all resources in this account that are shared with other accounts, or resources from other accounts that are shared with this account. Useful for cross-account attack paths.
AWS resource-trusts Looks through multiple services that support resource policies and helps you find any overly permissive resource trusts.
AWS role-trusts Enumerates IAM role trust policies so you can look for overly permissive role trusts or find roles that trust a specific service.
AWS route53 Enumerate all records from all route53 managed zones. Use this for application and service enumeration.
AWS secrets List secrets from SecretsManager and SSM. Look for interesting secrets in the list and then see who has access to them using use cloudfox iam-simulator and/or pmapper.
AWS sns This command enumerates all of the sns topics and gives you the commands to subscribe to a topic or send messages to a topic (if you have the permissions needed). This command only deals with topics, and not the SMS functionality. This command also attempts to summarize topic resource policies if they exist.
AWS sqs This command enumerates all of the sqs queues and gives you the commands to receive messages from a queue and send messages to a queue (if you have the permissions needed). This command also attempts to summarize queue resource policies if they exist.
AWS tags List all resources with tags, and all of the tags. This can be used similar to inventory as another method to identify what types of resources exist in an account.
AWS workloads List all of the compute workloads and what role they have. Tells you if any of the roles are admin (bad) and if you have pmapper data locally, it will tell you if any of the roles can privesc to admin (also bad)
AWS ds List all of the AWS-managed directories and their attributes. Also summarizes the current trusts with their directions and types.

Azure Commands

Provider Command Name Description
Azure whoami Displays information on the tenant, subscriptions and resource groups available to your current Azure CLI session. This is useful to provide situation awareness on what tenant and subscription IDs to use with the other sub commands.
Azure inventory Display an inventory table of all resources per location.
Azure rbac Lists Azure RBAC role assignments at subscription or tenant level
Azure storage The storage command is still under development. Currently it only displays limited data about the storage accounts
Azure vms Enumerates useful information for Compute instances in all available resource groups and subscriptions

GCP Commands

Provider Command Name Description
GCP whoami Display the email address of the GCP authenticated user
GCP all-checks Runs all available GCP commands
GCP artifact-registry Display GCP artifact registry information
GCP bigquery Display Bigquery datasets and tables information
GCP buckets Display GCP buckets information
GCP iam Display GCP IAM information
GCP instances Display GCP Compute Engine instances information
GCP secrets Display GCP secrets information

Authors

Contributing

Wiki - How to Contribute

FAQ

How does CloudFox compare with ScoutSuite, Prowler, Steampipe's AWS Compliance Module, AWS Security Hub, etc.

CloudFox doesn't create any alerts or findings, and doesn't check your environment for compliance to a baseline or benchmark. Instead, it simply enables you to be more efficient during your manual penetration testing activities. If gives you the information you'll likely need to validate whether an attack path is possible or not.

Why do I see errors in some CloudFox commands?

  • Services that don't exist in all regions - CloudFox tries a few ways to figure out what services are supported in each region. However some services don't support the methods CloudFox uses, so CloudFox defaults to just asking every region about the service. Regions that don't support the service will return errors.
  • You don't have permission - Another reason you might see errors if you don't have permissions to make calls that CloudFox is making. Either because the policy doesn't allow it (e.g., SecurityAudit doesn't allow all of the permissions CloudFox needs. Or, it might be an SCP that is blocking you.

You can always look in the ~/.cloudfox/cloudfox-error.log file to get more information on errors.

Prior work and other related projects

  • SmogCloud - Inspiration for the endpoints command
  • SummitRoute's AWS Exposable Resources - Inspiration for the endpoints command
  • Steampipe - We used steampipe to prototype many cloudfox commands. While CloudFox is laser focused on helping cloud penetration testers, steampipe is an easy way to query any and all of your cloud resources.
  • Principal Mapper - Inspiration for, and a strongly recommended partner to the iam-simulator command
  • Cloudsplaining - Inspiration for the permissions command
  • ScoutSuite - Excellent cloud security benchmark tool. Provided inspiration for the --userdata functionality in the instances command, the permissions command, and many others
  • Prowler - Another excellent cloud security benchmark tool.
  • Pacu - Excellent cloud penetration testing tool. PACU has quite a few enumeration commands similar to CloudFox, and lots of other commands that automate exploitation tasks (something that CloudFox avoids by design)
  • CloudMapper - Inspiration for the inventory command and just generally CloudFox as a whole